The characterization of purified citrate-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared via hydrothermal synthesis

Cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a hydrothermal approach with citric acid as stabilizing agent. Citric adsorption onto the nanoceria particle surface can cease formation and create stable dispersion for an extended shelf life. The product was dialyzed immediately following synthesis to remove unreacted cerium that could contribute biological effects. Nanoparticle characterization results are expected help identify citrate bonding structure. Many techniques utilized determine size, morphology, properties, complexation on surface. These included transmission electron microscopy, energy loss spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared Raman UV–Vis absorption zeta potential, 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Primary particles hexagonal, determined be 4.2 nm in diameter. hydrodynamic diameter of 10.8 nm. Each agglomerate estimated contain average 5.7 particles. coating contained 2.8 molecules/nm2, corresponding approximate monolayer. Citrate includes central carboxyl geminal hydroxyl perhaps one its terminal groups.